Abstract Decisions in the context of sustainable diets are often associated with moral factors. The investigations carried out in the explorative research project presented in this article included the role that the value orientations and values play in the decisions of children (11–12 years old). Based on individual interviews about a realistic decision-making situation (using the thinking aloud method, n = 27), it was found that the previously recorded value orientations of the children did not affect the sequence or quality of their decision-making steps, but drawing on their values, particularly hedonism and universalism with a focus on ecology, played a major role in the processes. Here, knowledge is used in a supporting capacity and is also used once a certain level of expertise has been developed. In terms of lessons, what this means is that we need to design learning-teaching arrangements that make clear how diverse people′s values can be with regard to sustainable development and we need to encourage the combining of knowledge with values.