Foreword Acknowledgements 1 Introduction1.1 Background
1.2 Project rationale and aims
1.3 Research questions
2 Principles2.1 Lifelong learning
2.2 Formal, non-formal, and informal learning
2.3 Basic education
2.4 Competence and learning outcomes
2.5 The UNESCO principles for RVA
3 Policy3.1 Driving forces and beneficiaries
3.2 Legislative frameworks
3.3 Qualifications frameworks
3.4 Access, targeting and responsiveness
3.5 Integration and stakeholdership
4 Practice4.1 The RVA process and phases
4.2 Engagement and guidance
4.3 Recognition and documentation
4.4 Assessment and validation
4.5 Accreditation and certification
4.6 Progression and partnership
4.7 Quality and learner-centredness
5. Conclusions and key messages5.1 Twelve conclusions
5.2 Key policy messages
5.3 Further research
Glossary Bibliography