Pathiraja, Sajini Madhavi

The role of eco-villages in community-based environmental education : a comparative study of communities in Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom.

Durham

2007

Durham, Univ., Ph. D., 2008

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Abstract
Acknowledgements
Contents
Tahles and.figures

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Inspiration, aspiration and aims
1.2 Thesis organisation

Chapter 2 Environmental Education: Context, Definition and Development
2.1 Global environmental problems: The context for environmental education
2.2 Sustainable development
2.3 Environmental education: aims and principles
2.4 Development of environmental education: definition and landmark events

Chapter 3 Community-Based Environmental Education: its Nature and Theoretical Considerations
3.1 Background
3.2 Theoretical considerations and related research

Chapter 4 The Role of Non-Govemmental Organisations and Community-Based Environmental Initiatives in Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom
4.1 The role ofNon Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in promoting community-based environmental education
4.1.1 Definition
4.1.2 Operational NGOs
4.1.3 The importance ofNGO involvement for environmental education
4.2 Community-based environmental education in Sri Lanka
4.3 Community-based environmental education in the United Kingdom

Chapter 5 The Concept of an Eco-village
5.1 Features of the eco-village
5.2 Eco-villages around the world

Chapter 6 Methodology for case study research
6.1 Context
6.2 Choosing research sites
6.2.1 Sri Lanka case study ceo-village
6.2.2. Case study ceo-village in the United Kingdom
6.3 Selection of research focus and interview sample
6.3.1 Case study
6.3.2 Selection ofthe sample
6.4 The data collection procedure
6.4.1 Pilot study
6.5 Description of data sources and processes of collection
6.5.1 Interviewing as a process 94 6.5.2 The interview questions
6.5.3 Documentation and secondary resources
6.5.4 Personal researcher observations
6.5.5 Field notes
6.6 The data analysis process
6.7 Data presentation
6.8 Methodological issues and limitations
6.8.1 Objectivity and subjectivity
6.8.2 Researcher reflexivity
6.8.3 Ethical research
6.8.4 Contaminating variables
6.9 Methodological strengths
6.9.1 Use of triangulation
6.9.2 Demonstration of validity
6.9.3 Demonstration of reliability

Chapter 7 Case Study of Community-Based Environmental Education in Sri Lanka: Damniyamgama Eco-village in Kalutara
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The village
7.3 Lanka Jathika Sarvodaya Shramadana Sangamaya
7.3.1 Pre school group
7.3.2 Children's group
7.3.3 Youth group
7.3.4 Mothers'· group
7.3.5 Farmers' group
7.4 Tsunami impact
7.4.1 The Sarvodaya response
7.4.2 Eco-village development in the context of the tsunami
7.5 Kalutara
7.6 The eco-village Damniyamgama: context, aims and ~ commencement
7.7 Infrastructure and development
7.7.1 Permaculture
7.7.2 Housing
7.7.3 Strategies for water conservation
7.7.4 Waste management
7.7.5 Energy conservation
7.7.6 Recreational area
7.7.7 Multi purpose community centre
7.7.8 Home gardening
7.8 Village management
7.9 The society
7.10 The ceo-village as a basis for community-based environmental education
7.11 Conclusion

Chapter 8 Case study of Commuuity-Based Em,ironmenta/ Education iu the United Kingdom: Fimllwm Eco-village iu Scotland
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Findhorn Foundation and Association
8.3 The community: structures and decision making
8.4 Living in Findhorn eco-village
8.5 The educational role of Findhorn ceo-village
8.6 Conclusion

Chapter 9 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations
9.1 Overview of chapter
9.2 Initiation ofthe villages: commonalities and differences
9.3 Eco-living and infrastructure
9.4 Eco-village business and economic sustainability
9.5 Human relationship
9.6 Management and decision making
9.7 Community-based environmental education
9.8 Links between research findings and literature reviewed for this study
9.9 Areas for potential development in the ceo-villages studied
9.9.1 Damniyamgama
9.9.2 Findhorn
9.10 Concluding comments

Bibliography

Tables and Figures
Table 6.1 Details of sample population in Damniyamgama
Table 6.2 Details of sample population in Find horn eco-village
Figure 3.1. Phases, stages, and determining factors of the process leading to the establishment of a new (environmentally friendly) habit
Figure 7.1 Hierarchy of Lanka Jathika Sarvodaya Shramadana Sangamaya
Figure 7.2 Sri Lanka Map
Figure 7.3 Layout plan of Damniyamgama
Figure 8.1 Location map of Findhorn
Figure 8.2 Organisational inter-relationship of Findhorn Foundation
Figure 8.3 Stakeholder map