Figures & Tables xi Abbreviations xiii Part A - Approach 1 Introduction 2 Global Changes: Approaching the Research Object2.1 Paradigm - Sustainable Development
2.2 Transnationalization - The Challenge
3 Definitions - The Key Terms3.1 Environment
3.2 Technology
3.3 Environmental Technology
3.3.1 General Understanding
3.3.2 International Attempts of Definition
3.3.3 Environmental Technology Transfer Institutions
3.3.4 Categorization of Environmental Technology
3.4 Newly Industrializing Countries
3.4.1 Rapid Economic Growth and the Environment
4 Environmental Problems - A Challenge for Nation-States4.1 Categorization of Environmental Problems
4.2 Transnational Environmental Problems
5 Focus of the Study 6 Theoretical and Methodological Approximations6.1 Theoretical Framework
6.2 Changing Role of States
6.3 Academic Discussion
6.3.1 Neo-Realists and Globalists
6.3.2 Specific Approaches
7 Methodical Approach7.1 Actors Analysis
7.2 Policy-Cycle
7.3 Comparison
7.4 Empirical Research
7.5 Qualitative and Quantitative Methods
Part B - Background 8 History of Transnational Environmental Cooperation8.1 Multilateral 78viii Contents
8.1.1 Case of the "Whaling Convention"
8.1.2 Case of the "Kyoto Protocol"
8.2 Bilateral
9 Framework Conditions9.1 Impact on the Environment
9.1.1 Imports of Forest & Agriculture Products
9.1.2 Imports of Resources
9.1.2.1 Case of Aluminium
9.1.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Part C - Analysis 10 Initiation10.1 Development of Transnational Relations
10.2 Phase of Ecological Ignorance
10.3 Growing Environmental Consciousness
10.4 Growing Public Development Assistance
10.4.1 Quantification of Official Development Assistance (ODA)
10.4.1.1 Growing Environmental Orientation in ODA
10.5 Political Motives of Initiation
11 Estimation11.1 International Conferences
11.2 Institutional Changes in Japan's ODA
11.2.1 ODA Charta
12 Selection12.1 Basic Environment Law and Basic Environment Plan
12.2 Green Aid Plan
12.2.1 Green Aid Plan for Indonesia
12.3 National Action Plan for "Agenda 21"
13 Implementation13.1 Institutional Framework
13.2 Consulting Companies
13.3 Environmental Technology Transfer by Local Organizations
13.3.1 Kitakyushu International Techno-Cooperative Association
13.3.2 International Environmental Technology Centre
13.3.3 International Centre for Environmental Technology Transfer
13.3.3.1 Palembang Eco-Phoenix Plan Project
13.3.4 Centre for International Transfer of Environmental Techniques
13.4 Environmental Technology Transfer by National Agencies
13.4.1 Japan International Cooperation Agency Projects
13.4.1.1 Integrated Air Quality Management
13.4.1.2 Environmental Management Centre
13.4.2 Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund Projects
13.5 Environmental Technology Transfer by Private Industry
13.6 Environmental Technology Transfer by Non-Governmental Organizations
14 Evaluation14.1 Criteria of Effects
14.1.1 Depth of Effect
14.1.2 Breadth of Effect
14.1.3 Speed of Effect
14.1.4 Exactness of Effect
14.2 Criteria of Effects in Context
14.3 Hierarchy of Motives
15 Termination Part D - Conclusions 16 Conclusions 17 Sources17.1 Bibliography
17.2 Internet
17.3 Press & Radio
17.4 Experts
18 Appendix18.1 Index of Japanese terms
18.2 Index of German terms
18.3 Japan - International environmental treaties in force
18.4 Germany - International environmental treaties in force
Contents: Japan's transnational environmental policy through environmental technology transfer to Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs) in the 1990s - Challenges through growing transnationalization/globalization - Definitions of key terms such as environment, technology - Categorization of environmental technology - Environmental problems in NICs - Changing role of states - Academic discussion - Neo-realists and globalists - Methodic approach via actor analysis, policy cycle model and comparison with Germany.