Table of ContentsList of Tables....vii
List of Figures ..vii
CHAPTER 1 - FIELD PHILOSOPHY: A MEANINGFUL FUTURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS LEARNING....1
I. Introduction: The Past, Present, and Future of Environmental Ethics....1
II. Applied Environmental Ethics: The Role of Experience... 9
III. Field Philosophy: Pedagogical Framework.....13
VI. Field Philosophy: The Curriculum....17
V. Field Philosophy: The Logistics ...19
VI. Field Philosophy: Context.....21
VII. Conclusion....24
CHAPTER 2 - ANTHROPOCENTRISM OR IN A NUTSHELL: THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS ....24
I. Introduction ...24
II. Anthropocentrism: What is it? ...25
II. Anthropocentrism as an Environmental Ethic...28
III. The Other Lenses: A Wider Moral Community....31
IV. A Changed Relationship With the Natural World....38
V. Why Our Environmental Ethic Matters....44
CHAPTER 3 - EMPATHY EDUCATION ECOFEMINISM, THE ETHIC OF CARE, AND EXPERIENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY ....46
I. Introduction ...46
II. Foundations in Environmental Philosophy ....48
III. Environmental Pedagogy....49
IV. Ecofeminism Foundations.....53
V. Spirituality and Essentialist Ecofeminism ....54
VI. Lived Lives and Materialist Perspective .....56
VII. Critical Ecofeminism, Care, and Relationships....58
VIII. A Pedagogy of Care....59
IX. Care in the Field: A Case Study on Isle Royale National Park ....61
X. The Pedagogy of Care in Action.....67
XI. Conclusion ....70
CHAPTER 4 - AN ENVIRONMENTAL PEDAGOGY OF CARE: EMOTION, RELATIONSHIPS, AND EXPERIENCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION ETHICS LEARNING.....71
I. Introduction ....71
II. The Role of Emotion in Learning ...73
III. Affective Learning and Experiential Education ...76
IV. Emotional Engagement as Learning Goal....78
V. The Ethic of Care in the Learning Environment ....81
VI. Field Trips: Experience, Emotion, and Engagement in Practice ....85
VII. Experience and Responsibility ....88
VIII. Conclusion ....90
CHAPTER 5 - BORDERLANDS: FROM DUALISM TO COMPLEXITY IN THE FIELD PHILOSOPHY EXPERIENCE ...91
I . Introduction ....91
II. Course Background and Pedagogy....96
III. Methodology.....98
IV. Dualisms and Moral Extremism: True/False.....101
V. Dualisms and Moral Extremism: Selfish ....104
VI. Dualisms and Moral Extremism: Generous....108
VII. Dualistic Thinking and Its Relevance for Conservation ....112
VIII. Borderlands: Nuance, Conflicting Values, and Transference ....115
IX. Conclusion ....125
CHAPTER 6 - EXPERIENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY: THE PATH FROM DUALISM TO COMPLEXITY ....130
I. Introduction ....130
II. Agency, or Lack of Agency ....132
III. Self-Knowledge and Self-Awareness: The Role of the Individual....137
IV. Social Learning....146
V. Curriculum Engagement.....149
VI. Conclusion ....157
CHAPTER 7 - OTTER DANCE....161
APPENDIX A – Isle Royale Outdoor Philosophy Course Syllabus (2011)...184
APPENDIX B - Methodology....193
APPENDIX C – Environmental Ethics Framework ....200
APPENDIX D – The Widening Moral Community: Puddles in a Pond….203
APPENDIX E – Concept Map of Emergent Data Themes.....204
APPENDIX F – Wilderness Arguments Exercise....205
APPENDIX G – Lenses Exercise.....207
APPENDIX H – Gratitude Exercise ....210
REFERENCES ....213
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