In this feature article, sustainable development will be discussed, and it will be explained why eco-efficiency will have to be raised with a factor of 20 to achieve sustainability. This can be realised through three trajectories: product improvement, product innovation, and system innovation. The relation with strategic decision making will be shown, and the concept of ″consequence period″ will be introduced. As an example, a transportation system in a large city will be discussed. The method of ″backcasting″ will be explained, and the consequences of long-term sustainable development for the work of universities and companies will be considered.
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↑ http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/1467630110380307