Sustainable development is defined as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (UN, 1987). It is built on the integration of three underlying pillars – economic, environmental and social. However, sustainable development has not become truly operational owing to difficulties in fully incorporating the social dimension. This includes considerations such as human rights, education and health, and gender diversity in economic planning and policies. On the other hand, environmental economics has made great progress in integrating the economic and environmental spheres.
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