Twenty-eight researchers whose work is related to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) met in February 2006 at UNESCO for three days of discussion to advance the thinking on how research can create a foundation for the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (UNDESD). The overall purpose of the workshop was to exchange information and experiences on research and development issues in ESD and to initiate work on the development of a research agenda for the Decade. Discussion topics included: the status of ESD research; linking researchers and practitioners; identifying research priorities; tools, resources and capacity building; processes for developing national research agendas; funding; and next steps.