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Verfasser/-in:	Vallero, Daniel A.
Hauptsachtitel:	Paradigms lost : learning from environmental mistakes, mishaps and misdeeds.
Erscheinungsort:	Amsterdam
Erscheinungsjahr:	2006
ISBN:	0750678887
Kurzinfo:	Verlagsinfo: Engineers and scientists have made great progress in advancing the understanding of the principles underlying environmental quality and public health. However, all too often, society and the scientific community do not realize the connections between environmental occurrences. In their haste to remedy a situation, they overlook lessons that could be learned to prevent future disasters. Paying attention to the past instructs us about the future. Paradigms Lost combines the historical case perspective with credible and sound scientific explanations of key environmental disasters and problems. The author sorts through natural disasters and human mistakes from Love Canal, New York to Bhopal, India to provide larger lessons that can be applied by scientists, engineers and public safety officials. The analysis of these events includes viable alternatives for future generations. · Includes alternative approaches to environmental issues from preventative measures to contingency plans · Richly annotated with sidebars, discussion boxes and generous examples · A usable tool for all professionals from lawyers to chemical engineers
Inhaltsverzeichnis :	Inhaltsverzeichnis: Preface and Introduction Structure and Emphasis Quality Control Acknowledgments Notes and Commentary New Science and New Paradigms Lessons Learned: A Case Approach to Environmental Problems MTBE and Cross-Media Transfer The Incremental Effect Failure and Blame A Lesson from the Medical Community Professional Accountability Villain and Victim Status Other Lessons: Risk and Reliability Environmental Ethics and a New Environmental Ethic Sensitivity Notes and Commentary Pollution Revisited DDT versus Eco-Colonialism: Trading Risks Reliability Characterizing Pollutants Partitioning to Solids-Sorption Partitioning to the Liquid Phase-Dissolution Partitioning to the Gas Phase-Volatilization Solubility as a Physical and Chemical Phenomenon Partitioning to Organic Tissue Emissions, Effluents, Releases, Leaks, and Spills Notes and Commentary Key Environmental Events by Media Fluids in the Environment: A Brief Introduction Three Major Media Something in the Air London Air Pollution and the Industrial Revolution Contaminants of Concern: Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds Notorious Air Pollution Cases of the Twentieth Century The Meuse Valley Acid Fog Contaminants of Concern: Particulate Matter Donora, Pennsylvania Poza Rica, Mexico Contaminant of Concern: Hydrogen Sulfide London, England New York City Toxic Clouds The Bhopal Tragedy Preparing for Intentional Toxic Clouds Airshed in the Developing World: Mexico City Lessons Learned Contaminant of Concern: Photochemical Oxidant Smog Notes and Commentary Watershed Events The Death of Lake Erie: The Price of Progress? Eutrophication Cuyahoga River Fire Lesson Learned: The Need for Regional Environmental Planning Spills: Immediate Problem with Long-Term Consequences Solubility Torrey Canyon Tanker Spill Santa Barbara Oil Spill Exxon Valdez Spill: Disaster Experienced and Disaster Avoided Prestige Oil Spill Lessons Learned: Two-Edged Swords Pfiesteria piscicida: Nature Out of Sync Lesson Being Learned Notes and Commentary Landmark Cases Love Canal, New York Hazardous Waste Cleanup A Fire that Sparked Controversy: Chester, Pennsylvania Dioxin Contamination of Times Beach A Terrifying Discovery: Valley of the Drums Stringfellow Acid Pits The March Continues Lessons Learned Failure to Grasp the Land Ethic Disasters: Real and Perceived "Cancer Alley" and Vinyl Chloride Bioaccumulation and Its Influence on Risk The Kepone Tragedy Biological Response Organic versus Inorganic Toxicants Pesticides and Sterility Jersey City Chromium Radioisotopes Radiation Poisoning in Goiania, Brazil Factors of Safety Small Numbers and Rare Events Exposure Estimation Risk-Based Cleanup Standards The Drake Chemical Company Superfund Site: A Risk-Based Case Risk Assessment: The First Step Notes and Commentary By Way of Introduction Asian Shore Crab Zebra Mussel Invasion of the Great Lakes Lesson Learned: Need for Meaningful Ecological Risk Assessments Notes and Commentary Environmental Swords of Damocles The Tragedy of the Commons Global Climate Change The Greenhouse Effect Persistent, Bioaccumulating Toxicants The Inuit and Persistent Organic Pollutants Extrinsic Factors Persistence Endocrine Disrupting Compounds Lake Apopka: A Natural Experiment Genetic Engineering Nuclear Fission Meltdown at Chernobyl Terrorism Ecosystem Habitat Destruction Lessons Learned The Butterfly Effect Notes and Commentary Other Paradigms Dropping Acid and Heavy Metal Reactions Case of the Negative pH: Iron Mountain, California Acid Mine Drainage Acid Precipitation Lead: The Ubiquitous Element Coeur d'Alene Valley and the Bunker Hill Lead Smelter Mercury: Lessons from Minamata Arsenic Tragedy in Bangledesh Asbestos in Australia Notes and Commentary Spaceship Earth Changes in the Global Climate Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxide Halocarbons and Other Gases Land Use and Forestry Threats to the Stratospheric Ozone Layer Coral Reef Destruction Syllogisms for Coral Reef Destruction Notes and Commentary Myths and Ideology: Perception versus Reality Solid Waste: Is It Taking over the Planet? Alar and Apples Parent versus Progeny Agent Orange: Important If True The Snail Darter: A Threat to the Endangered Species Act? Seveso Plant Disaster Poverty and Pollution Notes and Commentary Just Environmental Decisions, Please Environmental Justice How Can Engineers Best Manage Risks in a Changing Environment? Optimization in Environmental Risk Management Precautionary Principle and Factors of Safety in Risk Management Market versus Non-Market Valuation: Uncle Joe the Junk Man The Warren County, North Carolina, PCB Landfill The Orange County, North Carolina, Landfill If It Does Occur, It Is Not Bad If It Does Occur and It Is Bad, It Is Not Racially Motivated Is Environmentalism a Middle-Class Value? Habitat for Humanity Carver Terrace, Texas West Dallas Lead Smelter Lessons Applied: The Environmental Justice Movement Environmental Justice and the Catalytic Converter Notes and Commentary What Is Next? Bottom Lines and Top of the Head Guesses The Future of Environmental Science and Engineering The Systematic Approach New Thinking The Morning Shows the Day Notes and Commentary Equilibrium Government Reorganizations Creating the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Reliability in Environmental Decision Making Principles of Environmental Persistence Cancer Slope Factors Equations for Calculating Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD) for Various Routes of Exposure Characterizing Environmental Risk Risk-Based Contaminant Cleanup Example Shannon Weiner Index Example Useful Conversions in Atmospheric Chemistry Index